General Horatio Gates (1727-1806), by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1793-1794
The Metropolitan Museum of Art / Art Resource, NY
Henry Knox (1750-1806), by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
Oil on panel, ca. 1805
121.6 x 98.11 cm (47⅞x 38⅝in.)
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Deposited by the City of Boston, L-R 30.76b. Photograph © 2010 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Nathanael Greene (1742-1786), by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, from life, ca. 1783
Independence National Historical Park
Phillis Wheatley (ca. 1753-1784), by Scipio Moorhead
Engraving, frontispiece from Phillis Wheatley, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (London: A. Bell, 1773)
Courtesy of the Library of Congress
John Adams (1735-1826), by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, from life, ca. 1791-1794
Independence National Historical Park
Sir Henry Clinton (ca. 1730-1795), by Thomas Day (active 1768-1788)
Miniature, watercolor on ivory, 1787
Courtesy of the R. W. Norton Art Gallery, Shreveport, Louisiana
Charles Cornwallis, First Marquess Cornwallis (1738-1805), by Thomas Gainsborough (ca. 1727-1788)
Oil on canvas, feigned oval, 1783
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Benedict Arnold (1741-1801), after John Trumbull (1756-1843)
Engraving, ca. 1894
Courtesy of the Library of Congress
Margaret “Peggy” Shippen (Mrs. Benedict Arnold) (1760-1804), by John André (1750-1780)
Graphite on paper, 1778
Yale University Art Gallery
Washington, Lafayette, and Tilghman at Yorktown, by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, 1784
93˝ x 64˝
Accession number: MSA SC 1545-1120. Collection of the Maryland State Archives
Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804), after Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, late eighteenth or early nineteenth century
Collection of the New-York Historical Society, 1841.2
“Baron” von Steuben (1730-1794), by Ralph Earl (1751-1801)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1786
Yale University Art Gallery. Gift of Mrs. Paul Moore in memory of her nephew Howard Melville Hanna, Jr., B.S. 1931
Mrs. Samuel Powel (née Elizabeth Willing, 1743-1830), by Matthew Pratt (1734-1805)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1793
Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia. Henry D. Gilpin Fund
James Madison (1751-1836), by Gilbert Stuart (1755-1828)
Oil on canvas, ca. 1805-1807
Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, Maine. Bequest of the Honorable James Bowdoin III
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, from life, ca. 1791-1792
Independence National Historical Park
Thomas Paine (1737-1809), by William Sharp after George Romney
Engraving, 1793
© National Portrait Gallery, London
Philip Morin Freneau (1752-1832)
Reprinted from Philip Morin Freneau, Poems Relating to the American Revolution (New York: W. J. Widdleton, 1865)
Martha Washington (1731-1802), by James Peale (1749-1831)
Miniature, watercolor on ivory, 1796
Courtesy of the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association
Frances “Fanny” Bassett (1767-1796), by Robert Edge Pine (ca. 1730-1788)
Oil on canvas, 1785
Courtesy of the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association
The Washington Family, by David Edwin (1776 -1841) after Edward Savage (1761-1817)
Stipple engraving, 1798
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution / Art Resource, NY
George Washington, by Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
Oil on canvas, 1795
Collection of the New-York Historical Society, 1867.299
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abbot, W. W.
Adams, Abigail
on Adams’s election
on GW
GW’s death and
on Lafayette
on Martha Washington
at Martha Washington’s receptions
on Mount Vernon
on Philadelphia
Adams, John
Alien and Sedition Acts and
on Battle of Lexington and Concord
cabinet of
character and personality of
on Continental Army
death of
diplomatic assignment of
diplomatic overtures toward France by
in election of 1789
in election of 1796
on federal district
on French alliance
on GW
GW’s death and
at GW’s inauguration
GW supported by
on Hamilton
on Jefferson
national bank disapproved by
new army and conflict with GW
on New York
as president
Society of the Cincinnati condemned by
as vice president
vice presidential reelection of
XYZ Affair and
Adams, John Quincy
Adams, Samuel
on Boston Tea Party
GW supported by
Adams administration
Addison, Joseph
“Address to the Cherokee Nation,”
Adventurers for Draining the Dismal Swamp
agriculture
Albany, N.Y.
Albemarle, Lord
alcohol, alcohol abuse
Alexandria, Va.
Alexandria Academy
Algiers
Alice (slave)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Allegheny Mountains
Allegheny River
Allen, Ethan
Allen, John
Alton, John
American Museum
American Revolution
French Revolution and
as global conflict
GW’s view of moral struggle in
Native Americans and
origin in measured protests of
Paris peace treaty in
profiteering during
Ames, Fisher
Amson, John
Anderson, Fred
Anderson, James
André, John
Annals of Agriculture (Young)
Annapolis, Md.
conference on Articles of Confederation in
antifederalists
Apotheosis of Washington
Appalachian Mountains
Appleby Grammar School
Arbuthnot, Admiral
Argand, Aimé
Armistead, James
Armstrong, John
Armstrong, John, Jr.
army:
GW’s proposed command of new
Indians and request for expansion of
military academy proposed for
military preparedness and
peacetime
standing, Constitutional Convention and
standing, GW’s proposal for
standing, ideological fears of
in Whiskey Rebellion
see also militias
Army, British
American prisoners held by
Arnold affair and
as best trained and equipped
Charleston captured by
German mercenaries in, see Hessians
local suppliers’ favoring of
as model for GW
prisoners from
retreat to Nova Scotia by