10 Ibid.

11 Brady, Martha Washington, 147.

12 Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 155.

13 WWR,578. Letter to Tench Tilghman, June 2, 1785.

14 Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 9.

15 Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 201.

16 PWP, 6:547. Letter to Tobias Lear, October 10, 1790.

17 Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 200.

18 Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 141.

19 Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 11.

20 Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas, 172.

21 PWCF,3:296. Letter to Armand, October 7, 1785.

22 Ibid., 1:161. Letter to Fielding Lewis, Jr., February 24, 1784.

23 WWR,555. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784.

24 PWCF, 2:253. Letter to Henry Knox, January 5, 1785.

25 WWF, 27:2. Letter to Lund Washington, June 11, 1783.

26 Diaries,4:255.

27 Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 93.

28 PWRT, 3:112. Letter to Mildred Thornton Washington, October 18, 1798.

29 Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 83.

30 Diaries,4:157. Diary entry for June 30, 1785.

31 PWCF,3:275. Letter to Benjamin Franklin, September 26, 1785.

32 Schiff, Great Improvisation, 360.

33 DiariesA,300. Diary entry for March 19, 1786.

34 MTV. “Early Descriptions Ante 1800.” Isaac Weld, Jr., ca. 1796.

35 Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 27.

36 Ibid., 28.

37 Ibid.

38 Ibid.

39 Ibid.

40 Ibid., 31.

41 Ibid.

42 Cunliffe, George Washington, 161.

43 Ibid.

44 Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 86.

45 MTV.“Early Descriptions Ante 1800.”

46 Cadou, George Washington Collection, 240.

47 Hervey, Memory of Washington, 88.

48 PWCF,3:381. Letter to Elizabeth French Dulany, November 23, 1785.

49 Brookhiser, Founding Father, 47.

50 Thompson, “In the Hands of a Good Providence,” 80.

51 PWCF,3:63. Letter to Henry Knox, June 18, 1785.

52 Ibid., 31:71. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, June 22, 1785.

53 DiariesA,280. Diary entry for June 8, 1785.

54 WWR,680. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 28, 1788.

55 Ibid., 680-81.

56 Ibid., 681.

57 WWF, 27:238. Letter to Lieutenant Bezaleel Howe, November 9, 1783.

58 PWCF,1:235. Letter to James Craik, March 25, 1784.

59 Ibid., 1:178.

60 Ibid., 2:415. Letter to John Witherspoon, March 8, 1785.

61 Ibid.

62 Ibid., 2:332. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, February 8, 1785.

63 Ibid., 2:253. Letter to Henry Knox, January 5, 1785.

64 . Ibid.

65 Grizzard, George!, 154.

66 WWR, 580. Letter to David Humphreys, July 25, 1785.

67 Ibid.

68 Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 54.

69 WWR,579-80. Letter to David Humphreys, July 25, 1785.

70 PWCF,3:547. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln, February 6, 1786.

71 Brady, Martha Washington, 151.

CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE: GENTLEMAN FARMER

1 Diaries,4:184. Diary entry for August 18, 1785.

2 WWF, 27: 305. Letter to Clement Biddle, January 17, 1784.

3 DiariesA,275.

4 Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 34.

5 Ibid., 52.

6 WWF, 27:298. Letter to Samuel Vaughan, January 14, 1784.

7 Freeman, George Washington, 6:44.

8 Ibid.

9 Maclay, Diary of William Maclay, 258.

10 WWF,21:248. Letter to James Duane, February 19, 1781.

11 Weintraub, General Washington’s Christmas Farewell, 115.

12 DiariesA,250. Diary entry for September 12, 1784.

13 PWCF,2:78. Letter to Thomas Freeman, September 23, 1784.

14 Ibid., 2:119. Letter to Jacob Read, November 3,1784.

15 DiariesA,252.

16 Unger, Lafayette, 260.

17 DiariesA,251. Diary entry for September 14, 1784.

18 Ibid., 254.

19 Ibid., 265. Diary entry for October 4, 1784.

20 Ibid.

21 PWCF,6:111. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, February 13, 1788.

22 Jackman, “Young Englishman Reports.”

23 PWCF,3:90. Letter to George William Fairfax, June 30, 1785.

24 DiariesA,xvii.

25 PWP, 1:161. Letter to Arthur Young, December 4, 1788.

26 Ibid.

27 Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 171.

CHAPTER FORTY: DEVIL’S BARGAIN

1 Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 156.

2 Ibid.

3 WWR,1110. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, February 5, 1783.

4 Ibid.

5 Unger, Lafayette, 173.

6 Ibid., 174.

7 PWCF, 1:27. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, January 10, 1784.

8 Ibid., 2:72. Letter from La Luzerne, September 12, 1784.

9 Ibid., 2:172. Letter to La Luzerne, December 5, 1784.

10 Ibid., 1:258. Letter to Adrienne, Marquise de Lafayette, April 4, 1784.

11 Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 157.

12 PWCF,1:189. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.

13 Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 159.

14 PWCF,2:64. Letter from William Gordon, August 30, 1784.

15 Unger, Lafayette, 198.

16 Ibid.

17 Ibid., 200.

18 PWCF, 2:175. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784.

19 Ibid., 4:43. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, May 10, 1786.

20 Ibid., 4:44.

21 Higginbotham, George Washington Reconsidered, 122.

22 PWCF, 3:356. Letter from James Madison, November 11, 1785.

23 DiariesA,301.

24 WWR,593. Letter to Robert Morris, April 12, 1786.

25 Ibid., 593-94.

26 Ibid., 594.

27 WWR,607. Letter to John Francis Mercer, September 9, 1786.

28 Ibid., 608.

29 Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 316.

30 PWCF,4:465. Letter to John Francis Mercer, December 19, 1786.

31 Ibid., 5:2. Letter to John Francis Mercer, February 1, 1787.

32 Ibid., 5:10. Letter to Henry Lee, Jr., February 4, 1787.

33 WWR,701-2.

34 Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 148.

35 Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 68.

36 DiariesA, 313.

37 Diaries,4:277. Diary entry for February 17, 1786.

38 PWCF, 2:14. Letter to Clement Biddle, July 28, 1784.

39 Wiencek, Imperfect God, 349.

40 Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 148.

41 Wiencek, Imperfect God, 120.

42 PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788.

43 Diaries,5:260. Diary entries for January 3 and 4, 1788.

44 PWCF,6:88. Letter to Henry Knox, February 5, 1788.

45 Diaries,5:273. Diary entry for February 6, 1788.

46 Ibid.

47 Diaries,4:259. Diary entry for January 4, 1786.

CHAPTER FORTY-ONE: THE RUINS OF THE PAST

1 PWCF,6:502. Letter to William Barton, September 7, 1788.

2 Flexner, George Washington, 2:513.

3 Isaacson, Benjamin Franklin, 422.

4 Callahan, Henry Knox, 222.

5 PWCF,1:142-43. Letter from Henry Knox, February 21, 1784.

6 Ibid., 1:190. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette, March 9, 1784.

7 Ibid., 1:260. Letter to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., April 4, 1784.

8 Ibid., 1:288-89. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, April 16, 1784.