20 . Wood, Empire of Liberty, 130.

21 . Grizzard, George!, 344.

22 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 47.

23 . Irving, Life of George Washington, 413.

24 . WWF,15:447. Letter to the President of Congress, July 21, 1779.

25 . WWR,363. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.

26 . Ibid., 374. Letter to Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.

27 . Unger, Lafayette, 104.

28 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 75.

29 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 75.

30 Ibid., 74.

31 Ibid., 75.

32 . Ibid.

33 . WWR,362-63. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.

34 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 75.

35 . Ibid.

36 . Cadou, George Washington Collection, 76.

37 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 77.

38 . WWR,361-63. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, September 30, 1779.

39 Ibid., 361.

40 . Ibid., 366.

41 . Ibid.

42 . Ibid.

43 . WWF, 16:274. Letter to Count d’Estaing, September 13, 1779.

44 . Ibid., 17:91. Letter to John Parke Custis, November 10, 1779.

45 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 172.

46 . WWF,17:423. Letter to Major General Nathanael Greene, January 22, 1780.

47 . Stahr, John Jay, 105.

48 . WWF,13:21. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 4, 1778.

49 . Ibid., 14:432. Letter to Burwell Bassett, April 22, 1779.

50 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:359.

51 . WWF,17:315. Letter to Philip Schuyler, December 25, 1779.

52 . Ibid., 17:293. Letter to Governor William Livingston, December 21, 1779.

53 . Ibid., 17:272. Letter to John Jay, December 15, 1779.

54 . Golway, Washington’s General, 212.

55 . WWF, 17:460. “General Orders,” January 28, 1780.

56 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 8.

57 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 127.

58 . Freeman, George Washington, 5:144.

59 Ibid., 5:156.

60 . Grant, John Adams, 228.

61 . Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 7.

62 . WWF, 18:453. Letter to Joseph Jones, May 31, 1780.

63 Ibid.

64 . Ibid., 18:436. Letter to President Joseph Reed, May 28, 1780.

65 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:356.

66 Ibid., 2:357.

67 Ibid.

68 . Brady, Martha Washington, 134.

69 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:357.

70 . Ibid.

71 . WWR,380. Letter to John Augustine Washington, July 6, 1780.

CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE: THE TRAITOR

1 . Grizzard, George!, 201.

2 . WWF,18:164. “Council of War,” March 27, 1780.

3 Diaries,6:130-31.

4 . WWF, 18:509. Letter to Governor Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., June 11, 1780.

5 Unger,Lafayette, 111.

6 . Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 133.

7 . WWF,19:36. Letter to the President of Congress, June 20, 1780.

8 . Ibid., 19:131. Letter to Fielding Lewis, July 6, 1780.

9 . Ibid., 19:481-82. Letter to Samuel Washington, August 31, 1780.

10 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:365.

11 . Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, 138.

12 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:366.

13 . Stahr, John Jay, 110.

14 . WWF, 14:385. Letter to John Jay, April 14, 1779.

15 . Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 184.

16 . Ibid.

17 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 138.

18 . WWF,20:50. Letter to the President of Congress, September 15, 1780.

19 . Golway, Washington’s General, 183.

20 . Ibid., 140.

21 Ibid., 182.

22 Ibid., 183.

23 . Callahan, Henry Knox, 165.

24 . WWF,20:238. “Instructions to Major General Nathanael Greene,” October 22, 1780.

25 . Golway, Washington’s General, 242.

26 . WWF, 19:236. Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, July 22, 1780.

27 . Ibid., 19:403. Letter to the President of Congress, August 20, 1780.

28 Ibid., 19:405.

29 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 141.

30 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 63.

31 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:371.

32 . Ibid., 2:371-72.

33 . Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 354.

34 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 40.

35 . WWR,390. Letter to John Cadwalader, October 5, 1780.

36 . Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 397.

37 . Wetherell, “On the Trail of Benedict Arnold.”

38 . Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 212.

39 . Ibid., 249.

40 Ibid., 301.

41 Ibid., 321.

42 . PWCF,4:175.

43 . Ibid.

44 . Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 326.

45 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:383.

46 . Cooper, “Out of the Spy’s Stocking and into the Wash,” New York Times, September 8, 2005.

47 . Palmer, George Washington and Benedict Arnold, 361.

48 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:384.

49 Ibid., 2:386.

50 . Ibid.

51 Ibid., 2:388.

52 . Ibid. 2:389.

53 . Ibid.

54 Ibid., 2:390.

55 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 142.

56 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:388.

57 . WWF, 20:95. “General Orders,” September 26, 1780.

58 . WWR,392. Letter to John Laurens, October 13, 1780.

59 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 141.

60 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:390.

61 . Ibid.

62 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 143.

63 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:387.

64 . WWF,20:87. Letter to Lieutenant Colonel John Jameson, September 25, 1780.

65 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 66.

66 Ibid., 67.

67 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:394.

68 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 144.

69 . Ketchum, Victory at Yorktown, 68.

70 . Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 73.

71 . Ibid.

72 . Ibid.

73 . Unger, Lafayette, 125.

74 . WWR,392. Letter to John Laurens, October 13, 1780.

75 . WWF,20:95. “General Orders,” September 26, 1780.

76 . Ibid., 20:151. Letter to Count de Rochambeau, October 10, 1780.

77 . WWR,393. Letter to John Laurens, October 13, 1780.

78 . WWF,20:223. Letter to Major Henry Lee, October 20, 1780.

79 . Ibid., 21:255. “Instructions to Marquis de Lafayette,” February 20, 1781.

80 . Brookhiser, Founding Father, 37.

CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO: MUTINY

1 . WWF,20:303. “General Orders,” November 6, 1780.

2 . Ibid., 20:314. Letter to the President of Congress, November 7, 1780.

3 . Freeman, George Washington, 5:232.

4 . Flexner, George Washington, 2:398.

5 . WWF, 20:431. “Plan for Attack on New York,” November 1780.

6 . Ibid., 21:62. “Circular to the New England States,” January 5, 1781.

7 . Gaines, For Liberty and Glory, 150.

8 . Stephenson, Patriot Battles, 99.

9 . WWF, 22:191. Letter to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, June 9, 1781.

10 . WWR,414. Letter to Robert Howe at West Point, January 22, 1781.

11 . WWF, 21:136. Letter to the President of Congress, January 23, 1781.

12 . Nelson, Thomas Paine, 157.

13 . WWR,409. Letter to John Laurens, January 15, 1781.

14 . Grant, John Adams, 267.